Cause n Effect
Cause and Effect
The term cause and effect is a term you've heard since elementary school, but its use can be used up to the world of work. Sentences that contain elements of cause and effect usually involve an activity that makes something happen, and the result of that activity.
To better understand the use of causal sentences in English, consider the explanation below:
Cause
(noun) someone or something that makes things happen.
The cause of the flood was the massive of amount garbage thrown in the river. (The cause of the flood was the large amount of garbage dumped into the river.)
(verb) an activity that makes something happen.
The massive amount of garbage thrown in the river caused the flood. (The large amount of garbage dumped into the river caused this flood.)
Effect
(noun) a change which is the result of an activity or cause.
The rain had an effect on her mood. (Rain has an effect on his mood.)
Affect
When effect is used as a verb it changes to affect.
(verb) to produce an effect; cause something to happen.
The rain affected his mood. (Rain affects his mood.)
Cause and Effect Sentences in English
You can usually easily identify sentences that contain a cause-and-effect relationship if they contain words or phrases such as:
- Due to
- Because of
- Owing to
- Thanks to
- As a consequence of
- As a result of
- Because
- Since
- US
- For, etc.
To express cause and effect in English, the above sentence or phrase will usually be followed by a noun or verb.
A cause-and-effect sentence followed by a noun
A cause and effect word followed by a noun or noun phrase usually uses a word or phrase ( signal word / phase) such as:
- Because of
- Thanks to
- As a result of
- Due to
- As a consequence of
- Owing to
In the next example the noun or noun phrase will be underlined . Cause or cause is always written after the cause-and-effect phrase ( signal word / phase ) as in the example above. Below are common patterns:
| Signal word / phrase | + | Cause | + | Effect |
| or | ||||
| Effect | + | Signal word / phrase | + | Cause |
Example:
1. Due to Bella's nervousness , she did not pass the driving test.
= Because of Bella's nervousness, she doesn't pass her driving test.
Signal phrase: due to
Cause: Bella's nervousness
Effect: She did not pass the driving test
2. He's always late because of his gaming habits
= He's always late because of his gaming habits.
Signal phrase: Because of
Cause: His gaming habits
Effect: He's always late
3. As a result of the rain , we canceled the outing.
= Because of the rain, we canceled the picnic.
Signal phrase: As a result of
Cause: the rain
Effect: we canceled the outing
Causal sentence followed by a verb
Causal words followed by a subject + verb or verb phrase usually use a word or phrase ( signal word / phase) such as:
- Because
- Since
- US
- For
In the next example the subject + verb or verb phrase will be underlined . Cause or cause is always written after the cause-and-effect phrase ( signal word / phase ) as in the example above. Below are common patterns:
| Signal word / phrase | + | Cause | + | Effect |
| or | ||||
| Effect | + | Signal word / phrase | + | Cause |
Example:
1. Because Bella was nervous , she did not pass the driving test
Because Bella is nervous, she doesn't pass the driving test.
Signal phrase: because
Cause: Bella was nervous
Effect: She did not pass the driving test
2. He's always late because he always stay up at night
He's always late because he's always staying up late
Signal phrase: Because
Cause: he always stay up at night
Effect: He's always late
3. The outing was canceled since it's raining
The picnic was canceled due to rain.
Signal phrase: since
Cause: it's raining
Effect: the outing was canceled
and this is my video conversation about Cause and Effect :
Dialogue :
Pinkan : "Hai Della"
Della : "Hai Pinkan"
Pinkan : "How are you?"
Della : "I'm fine. How about you?"
Pinkan : "i'm fine too.what are you doing here?"
Della : "i was hungry so i bought some food in the cafetaria"
Pinkan : "oh.."
Della : "Pinkan you look very happy today"
Pinkan : "of course,today is my birthday.therefore,i'm so happy"
Della : "Really? Happy birthday Pinkan Wish you all the best"
Pinkan : "thanks Della. By the way,why is your friend running on the field?"
Della : "He didn't do his homework,as a result the teacher punished him."
Pinkan : "Oh my god i didn't finish my homework either,because last night i over slept."
Della : "Go back to class and finish it right now."
Pinkan: "ok Della, see you later!"
Della : "bye Pinkan! See you."
Exercise page 79-81
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